What does the term 'coda' refer to in music?

The term 'coda' in music specifically refers to an extended ending for a piece. It serves as a concluding section that wraps up the musical ideas presented throughout the composition. A coda can provide closure by drawing from thematic material introduced earlier in the piece or can introduce new material that serves to finalize the music.

Understanding that a coda is distinct helps to clarify its role compared to other musical elements. For example, the concept of a gradual slowing down pertains to tempo changes, which is unrelated to the structural aspect of a coda. Similarly, a musical introduction, often referred to as an 'intro', sets the stage for the piece but does not serve the same purpose as a coda, which is meant to conclude. Additionally, a section of improvisation is typically characterized by spontaneous creation and does not denote an ending, making it different from the deliberate function of a coda in music composition.