What type of cadence occurs when moving from V or V7 to I?

The cadence that occurs when moving from V (dominant) or V7 (dominant seventh) to I (tonic) is referred to as an authentic cadence. This progression is foundational in Western music, creating a strong sense of resolution and closure, which is a defining characteristic of the authentic cadence.

By moving from the dominant chord to the tonic, the music effectively resolves tensions built up in the dominant chord, affirming the key of the piece. This resolution reinforces the tonal center and provides a satisfying conclusion to a phrase.

In contrast, other types of cadences do not fulfill this specific function or moment of resolution as distinctly. For instance, a plagal cadence typically involves a movement from IV to I, often associated with the “Amen” or finality in hymns. A half cadence ends on the V chord, creating an open sound that suggests continuation rather than closure. A deceptive cadence typically moves from V to a chord other than I, often creating surprise or a sense of suspension rather than providing the expected resolution to the tonic. Thus, the authentic cadence is uniquely characterized by its direct and strong resolution from the dominant to the tonic.