What usually characterizes the movements in a sonata?

The movements in a sonata are typically characterized by different keys and differing forms. A sonata is structured in multiple movements, each of which may explore varying thematic material while shifting between related or contrasting keys. For example, a common structure includes an exposition (usually in the home key), a development (which can explore multiple keys), and a recapitulation (returning to the home key). This variety allows composers to create dynamic contrasts and complex emotional landscapes throughout the piece.

In addition, the differing forms refer to the different ways the themes are presented, manipulated, and varied across movements, contributing to the overall architecture of the sonata. This contrast and movement through keys and forms is essential to the narrative and expressive qualities found in sonatas, showcasing the compositional skill and creativity of the composer.