Which musical device involves the immediate repetition of a sound or phrase at a different pitch?

The musical device that involves the immediate repetition of a sound or phrase at a different pitch is known as a sequence. In music, a sequence refers to the repetition of a motif or musical idea, typically transposed to a different pitch. This technique is commonly used to develop themes and create interest within a piece, allowing the listener to hear the same material with variations in pitch, which helps build the harmonic structure and emotional impact of the music.

For example, suppose a melody is played starting on a certain note; a sequence might then take that exact melody, shifting it up or down by a certain interval. This creates continuity while also introducing fresh sounds, thus enhancing the overall musical narrative. The use of sequences can be observed in various styles of music, from baroque compositions to contemporary works.