Which of the following composers is associated with the Contemporary period?

The choice of Twentieth Century experimentalists is accurate when identifying composers associated with the Contemporary period in music. This designation typically encompasses a range of composers who emerged in the late 19th century to the modern era, focusing on innovative approaches to harmony, rhythm, and form.

Contemporary music is characterized by its departure from traditional tonality and the exploration of new musical languages, including atonal music, serialism, and the use of electronic instruments. Composers from the 20th century, such as John Cage, Arnold Schoenberg, and Karlheinz Stockhausen, often challenged existing frameworks and experimented with new concepts in musical structure and sound.

In contrast, the other options refer to composers from earlier periods: Chopin is associated with the Romantic period, known for his expressive piano works; Rameau was a key figure in the Baroque period, particularly in French opera and music theory; and Brahms, although a late Romantic composer, still falls outside the Contemporary classification. Therefore, the association with Twentieth Century experimentalists accurately reflects the innovative spirit and diverse styles that define the Contemporary music era.